Basic information [top]
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Model name
OND-86
Full model name
OND-86 (National Regulatory Document, 1986)
Model version and status
Last update: February, 1998
Latest date of revision
February, 1998
Institutions
Air Pollution Modeling and Forecasting Laboratory, Main Geophysical Observatory, St. Petersburg, Russia
Contact person
Eugene Genikhovich
Contact address
Main Geophysical Observatory
7 Karbysheva Street
194021, St. Petersburg
Russia
Phone number
+7-812-2474390
Fax number
+7-812-2478661
E-mail address
ego@main.mgo.rssi.ru & ego@city.com.ru
Technical support
Provided by contact person.
Level of knowledge needed to operate model
Basic
Intended field of application [top]
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Calculation of the worst-case (98-percentile) concentration fields at the local and local-to-regional scale
Model type and dimension [top]
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Analytical formulae for calculation of 3D concentration fields
Model description summary [top]
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OND-86 is a non-Gaussian multiple-source regulatory dispersion model developed by the team of specialists of the Main Geophysical Observatory (MGO). It is based on analytical approximations of the numerical solution of the advection-diffusion equation which were obtained initially for point sources and then integrated to provide expressions for line and area sources. The following effects are included into the model:
initial plume/jet rise,
complex terrain,
building downwash,
sedimentation of heavy particles.
Rather than actual concentrations corresponding to certain meteorological conditions, the model is intended for calculation of the worst-case concentration fields. These fields comprise the values of 98-th percentiles of the probability distribution functions (PDFs) of concentrations at a given set of receptor points. The results of calculations of concentrations of noxious pollutants are to be compared with Russian short-term national ambient air quality standards called MPCs (Maximum Permissible Concentrations). They correspond to the averaging time of twenty to thirty minutes. The use of OND-86 in Russia is obligatory when applying for emission permits, determining the emission standards (\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"maximum permissible emissions\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"), designing new or modernizing the existing enterprises, and so on. Actually, several computer programs (codes) are based on the OND-86 model. They were developed by different institutions and submitted to MGO for testing and authorization. The list of the developers of these codes can be obtained from the aforementioned contact person.
Model limitations/approximations [top]
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1) OND-86 cannot be used for different averaging times or for specific (given) meteorological conditions;
2) It does not include non-stationary effects and chemical transformations.
Resolution [top]
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Horizontal resolution
Domain dimension - up to 100 km from the sources
Schemes [top]
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Advection & Convection
Numerical schemes are not used in OND-86 which is based on analytical formulae. Crank-Nicholson implicit numerical schemes were used at the preparatory stage to solve the advection-diffusion equation.
Input [top]
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Availability and Validation of Input data
Information not available. For more details, please, refer directly to the contact person.
Data assimilation options
Information not available. For more details, please, refer directly to the contact person.
Other input requirements
The input information consists of the source parameters and coordinates, terrain amplification factors for these sources (equal to 1.0 in flat terrain), building coordinates and heights (if necessary), and characteristics of the computational domain. Instead of the actual meteorological information, climatological data are used in calculations which include the interval of variations of the wind speeds between 0.5 m/s and U95 (95-th percentile of PDF of the wind speeds), wind rose, and a climatological characteristic of the unfavorable dispersion conditions called \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"coefficient A\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\". Data of measurements of the wind and temperature profiles in the surface layer carried on the specialized network of the meteorological stations have been used to determine values A over the territory of the former USSR; these values are varied between 140 (for example, around Moscow) and 250 (Trans-Baikal region and southern part of Central Asia).
Output quantities [top]
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worst-case concentration field
critical wind speeds and wind directions at the receptor points
source-receptor matrix
User interface availability [top]
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All commercially available computer codes are user-friendly. They include tools for handling data bases with input data, output tables and maps.
User community [top]
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OND-86 is widely used in Russia and other NIS countries. An exact number of users is unknown because its different versions were distributed by numerous developers, but one could expect several thousand of users working at several hundreds institutions.
Previous applications [top]
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Application description
Information not available. For more details, please, refer directly to the contact person.
Documentation status [top]
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The algorithm in use is fully documented in Russian (Level 1 but machine codes). Some commercial versions of OND-86 have also documentation in English.
Validation and evaluation [top]
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OND-86 was evaluated and validated with use of data of the field experiments carried out by MGO specialists from 1962 to 1984. International data sets were also used to validate the model as well as some of its parts (in particular, building-downwash and complex-terrain submodels). The model was included in international intercomparisons carried out in the framework of workshops on harmonization of European dispersion models and in bilateral Russian-American intercomparisons.
Model intercomparison
Information not available. For more details, please, refer directly to the contact person.
Portability and computer requirements [top]
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Portability
Can be run effectively with use of any IBM compatible PC
CPU time
Depends on the type of PC, number of sources and receptor points; one could expect the computational time of about half an hour for a test case with about two thousand receptor points and several hundreds sources when running Pentium/100.
Storage
Requirements depend on the version of the code in use; in the typical case, one needs about 2 to 3 MB on the hard drive and several MB RAM.
Availability [top]
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Existing versions OND-86 are commercial products available from developers.
Other references [top]
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- Berlyand, M.E. (1975) Modern Problems of Atmospheric Diffusion and Air Pollution, Hydrometeorological Publishing House, Leningrad. 448 p. (in Russian)
- Berlyand, M.E. (1982) Moderne Problemen der atmospharischen Diffusion und der Verschmutzung der Atmosphare, Academie-Verlag, Berlin. 435 s.
- Berlyand, M.E., Gasilina, N.K., Genikhovich, E.L., Onikul, R.I. & Glukharev, V.A. (Ed) (1987) Method for Calculation of Concentrations of Air Pollutants the Industrial Emission Contains. All - Union Regulatory Document OND - 86. Hydrometeorological Publishing House, Leningrad. 92 p.(in Russian)
- Genikhovich, E.L. (1995) Practical Applications of Regulatory Diffusion Models in Russia. Intern. Journal of Environment and Pollution, vol. 4-5, No 4-6, 530 - 537
- Genikhovich, E.L. (1998) Russian Regulatory Diffusion Models: Status, Results of Validaton and International Intercomparisons. In: Air Pollution in the Ural Mountains. Environmental, Health and Policy Aspects (Eds. I. Linkov and R. Wilson). Kluver Academic Publishers, p. 75 - 84
- Genikhovich, E.L. & Schiermeier, F.A. (1995) Comparison of United States and Russian Complex Terrain Diffusion Models Developed for Regulatory Applications. Atmos.Environment, v. 29, No. 17, 2375 - 2385
